Paleontologist Career Guide

What is a paleontologist?

A paleontologist is someone who studies ancient life on Earth through fossils. They look at remains from millions of years ago to understand how life has changed over time. Their job helps us learn about Earth’s history and gives us insights that might even help our future.

Duties and responsibilities

Here’s what paleontologists usually do:

• Research: They spend a lot of time studying fossils to learn about past life.
• Fieldwork: They travel to dig up fossils, which can take them all over the world.
• Lab work: Back in the lab, they analyze their findings and date fossils to understand when those creatures lived.
• Sharing knowledge: They write up their discoveries, give talks at conferences, teach at universities, or set up displays in museums.
• Consulting: Some also use their knowledge to help with environmental conservation and managing natural resources.

Work environment

Paleontologists split their time between the field, the lab, and the office:

• Field: Outdoor work that’s physically tough, digging up fossils in all kinds of weather.
• Lab: They use special equipment to study fossils in detail.
• Office: Here, they write papers, plan projects, and sometimes teach.

Typical work hours

The hours can be pretty irregular, especially when they’re out in the field. They might work long days, weekends, and sometimes odd hours. When they’re in the lab or office, they usually have a more standard schedule, but since they often have a lot of research and writing to do, they might end up working extra hours.

---

How to become a paleontologist

Becoming a paleontologist is a journey through education and hands-on experience. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you start your career in studying ancient life:

Step 1: Finish high school

Start by getting a good foundation in high school. Focus on subjects like biology, chemistry, physics, math, and especially geology. Courses in statistics and computer science are also really helpful. Doing well in these areas will prepare you for what comes next in university.

Step 2: Earn a bachelor’s degree

Next, you’ll need a bachelor’s degree. While specific degrees in paleontology are rare, you can study related fields like geology, earth sciences, biology, or anthropology. These majors will give you a strong background in the sciences needed to understand fossils and the history of life.

Step 3: Gain field experience

Paleontology is a lot about fieldwork, so getting practical experience is crucial. Look for internships or volunteer opportunities at natural history museums, geology departments, or with paleontological societies. This will give you a real taste of what it’s like to work with fossils.

Step 4: Pursue a master’s degree (optional)

Consider a master’s degree if you want to specialize further or prepare for a PhD. Master’s programs often focus on research and usually require you to write a thesis.

Step 5: Complete a doctoral degree

For most professional paleontologists, a PhD is essential. This is where you get to really specialize in an area of paleontology. You’ll do a lot of research and end up writing a dissertation that adds to the scientific understanding of paleontology.

Step 6: Get post-doctoral experience

After your PhD, you might work in a post-doctoral position at a university or museum. This is a chance to continue your research and really hone your expertise in a specific area of paleontology.

Step 7: Begin your career

With all your training complete, you’re ready to start your career. Paleontologists work in various settings, including academia, museums, or doing independent research. Keep learning and staying up-to-date with the latest discoveries in your field.

---

How much do paleontologists make?

Paleontologist salaries will vary by experience, industry, education, location, and organization size. Their compensation can particularly rise with years of fieldwork experience and successful research published in recognized scientific journals.

Highest paying industries

• Oil and Gas Extraction: $99,400
• Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services: $96,500
• Architectural and Engineering: $92,350
• Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools: $90,220

Browse paleontologist salary data by market

---

Types of paleontologists

Paleontology offers several specializations, each focusing on different aspects of ancient life. Here’s a closer look at the various types of paleontologists and what they study:

Vertebrate paleontologist

These paleontologists focus on ancient animals with backbones, such as dinosaurs, mammals, birds, and fish. They work to understand the life processes, structures, and evolutionary paths of these creatures. Their research helps us learn about the ecosystems of the past and how these creatures lived and interacted.

Invertebrate paleontologist

Focusing on animals without backbones, invertebrate paleontologists study creatures like insects, mollusks, and crustaceans. They often work with sedimentary rocks to piece together the geological and biological history of different eras. Their findings are crucial for understanding the broader history of life on Earth.

Micropaleontologist

Micropaleontologists examine very small fossils, those of organisms that are often microscopic. They use high-powered microscopes to study the remains of tiny organisms, which can tell us a lot about past climates, ecosystems, and geological events.

Paleobotanist

These specialists focus on fossilized plants, including algae, fungi, and land plants. Paleobotanists study how plant life has evolved and impacted different environments over millions of years. Their work is vital for understanding ancient climates and how plant life has shaped the Earth’s atmosphere and ecosystems.

Paleoecologist

Combining paleontology and ecology, paleoecologists look at how ancient organisms interacted with their environments. They study fossils to understand ecosystem dynamics, environmental changes, and the factors that led to extinctions. Their research helps us understand how life on Earth has adapted to major shifts in the environment over time.

---

Top skills for paleontologists

Being a paleontologist requires a mix of sharp intellectual abilities and physical skills. Here are the key ones that will help you succeed in this field:

Detail-oriented

Attention to detail is crucial in paleontology. Whether you’re examining fossils in the field or analyzing them under a microscope in a lab, noticing the smallest features can lead to significant discoveries. Accurate identification and detailed analysis of fossils are essential for building a clear understanding of past life.

Understanding of earth sciences

A strong foundation in earth sciences like geology is essential for any paleontologist. Understanding the geological context of fossils helps determine their age and the environmental conditions in which ancient organisms lived. Knowledge of evolutionary biology is also crucial as it provides insights into how species evolved, survived, or became extinct.

Research skills

Effective research skills are central to success in paleontology. This includes everything from conducting fieldwork to excavate fossils, to reviewing scientific literature, formulating hypotheses, and conducting experiments to test those hypotheses. Being able to write detailed papers to share your findings with the scientific community is also critical.

Physical stamina

Paleontology can be physically demanding. Fieldwork often involves traveling to remote locations, working in various weather conditions, carrying heavy equipment, and performing strenuous activities. Physical fitness and endurance are important for handling the challenges of field expeditions.

Communication skills

Being able to communicate effectively is vital, especially if you work in an academic setting where you might present your research at conferences or teach students. Clear communication is also important for collaborating with other scientists and researchers. Good communication helps in sharing ideas, discussing hypotheses, and working efficiently with peers.

---

Paleontologist career path options

The career path for a paleontologist can be quite varied, depending on education, experience, and area of specialization. Here’s a look at the potential progression and different roles they might consider:

Academic roles

Starting with fieldwork or as a research assistant is common for those entering the field. With further education, such as a doctorate, you can move into academia. Roles in academia include becoming a professor or lecturer, where you can lead your own research projects and teach the next generation of paleontologists. This path is ideal for those who are passionate about research and education.

Senior research and supervisory positions

As you gain experience, you might progress to roles like lead researcher or project supervisor. These positions involve overseeing research projects and guiding younger scientists, combining scientific expertise with leadership skills.

Museum and public engagement roles

Another exciting avenue is working in a museum setting. Roles here can range from a museum curator, who manages collections and organizes exhibits, to an exhibition designer, who creates engaging and educational displays. These jobs allow you to share your passion for paleontology with the public and make science accessible to everyone.

Writing and media

For those who excel in communication, becoming a science writer or editor focusing on paleontology is another path. This role involves writing articles, books, or even scripts for documentaries, helping to spread knowledge about paleontology to a broader audience.

Resource extraction industries

Paleontologists are also valuable in industries like oil, gas, and mining. Here, they might work as environmental consultants or petrologists, using their skills to assess environmental impacts and explore resources. Advancement can lead to roles in management or as an executive consultant.

Government roles

In the government sector, they can work as policy advisors or environmental analysts. These positions involve using your expertise to help shape policies related to natural resources and environmental conservation.

---

Similar job titles

• Archaeologist
• Geologist
• Zoologist
• Environmental Scientist
• Marine Biologist
• Geotechnical Engineer
• Biostatistician
• Research Scientist
• Environmental Field Technician
• Environmental Engineer

---

Position trends and outlook for paleontologists

Paleontology is rapidly evolving. Here’s a closer look at the current trends and future outlook:

• Tech advancements: Recent developments in technology have significantly transformed paleontology. Tools like CT scanners now allow for incredibly detailed examination of fossils, providing insights that were previously unattainable.
• Expanding skill set: Technical expertise, especially in using sophisticated software for data analysis, is becoming increasingly vital. This is in addition to traditional skills in geology and biology and a strong capability for conducting scientific research and fieldwork.

Employment projections

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the employment of geoscientists, which includes paleontologists, is expected to grow by 5% through 2031. This growth rate is on par with the average for all occupations. Factors driving this demand include the ongoing needs for energy production, environmental protection, and responsible management of land and natural resources.

---

Paleontologist career tips

Expand your scientific knowledge

Paleontology is a constantly evolving field with new discoveries and advancements happening all the time. Stay updated by subscribing to scientific journals, attending seminars, and participating in workshops. Keeping current with the latest research and excavation techniques is crucial for staying relevant and informed.

Master the necessary tools

Since much of paleontology involves fieldwork, being proficient with excavation tools and methodologies is essential. Engage in hands-on practice and attend workshops to familiarize yourself with the latest technology and methods used in the field. Advanced studies in specific tools or techniques can also boost your effectiveness.

Document your work correctly

Accurate documentation ensures the integrity of your work and contributes to the broader scientific community. Keeping detailed records of excavations, specimens, and findings is critical. Consider enhancing your skills in scientific writing and documentation through courses or seminars.

Build a professional network

Networking is key in the scientific community. Joining professional associations can provide significant benefits, such as access to exclusive resources, networking opportunities, and professional development. Some notable organizations include:

• Paleontological Society
• The Paleontological Research Institution
• The Society of Vertebrate Paleontology
• American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists

Pursue continuous learning

To keep up with the fast-paced changes in paleontology, commit to lifelong learning. This can include:

• Enrolling in advanced courses to stay updated on new developments
• Attending workshops and seminars to refine your practical skills
• Obtaining certifications in specialized areas to enhance your qualifications

---

FAQs