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Physician Career Guide

What is a physician?

A physician, or a doctor, is someone who helps sick people get better. They know a lot about the human body, diseases, and how to treat them. Doctors don’t just give out medicine; they also try to figure out why someone is sick in the first place and work to keep them healthy in the future.

Duties and responsibilities

Doctors do a bunch of different things:

  • Check-ups: They examine patients, listen to their problems, and check their health.
  • Diagnose illnesses: They use their knowledge to figure out what’s wrong with people when they’re sick.
  • Prescribe medication: They give medicine to help patients feel better.
  • Treatments and procedures: Sometimes, they perform small procedures or guide patients on how to manage their illnesses.

Doctors are also great listeners and educators. They teach patients and their families about staying healthy and what to do when they’re sick.

Work environment

Doctors can work in many places:

  • Hospitals: Where they see lots of patients with different needs.
  • Clinics: Smaller than hospitals, where they see patients for check-ups or minor issues.
  • Private practices: They might run their own office where they see patients regularly.
  • Special areas: Some work in places like operating rooms or labs depending on what they specialize in.

Typical work hours

Being a doctor can mean having to work a lot, sometimes during the night or on weekends, especially if they work in a hospital. But doctors who have their own practices might have more regular hours.


How to become a physician

Dreaming of becoming a doctor? It’s a big goal, but here’s how you can make it happen step by step:

Step 1: Earn a bachelor’s degree

Your journey starts with getting a bachelor’s degree from a college. While many future doctors study things like biology or chemistry, you can choose any major as long as you take the necessary science courses needed for medical school.

Step 2: Pass the MCAT

Next, you need to pass the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT). This tough exam tests your knowledge of science and your problem-solving skills. Doing well on the MCAT is key to getting into a good medical school.

Step 3: Go for your MD degree

Once you’re in medical school, you’ll work towards earning your Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree. The first two years are usually classroom-based—learning all the medical basics. The last two years are more hands-on, where you rotate through different areas of medicine like surgery or pediatrics to get real-world experience.

Step 4: Complete a residency program

After medical school, you’ll enter a residency program. This is where you train in the specific type of medicine you want to practice, like family medicine, psychiatry, or surgery. Residencies can last anywhere from three to seven years, depending on the specialty.

Step 5: Get licensed

To practice medicine on your own, you need to be licensed. This means passing the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE), a series of exams that test your medical knowledge and ability to care for patients.

Step 6: Become board certified

While not required, becoming board certified shows that you’ve met high standards in your specialty. It involves passing another exam and proves you’re an expert in your field.

Step 7: Keep learning

Medicine always changes, so doctors need to keep learning throughout their careers. This means taking courses, attending workshops, and reading up on the latest medical advances to stay sharp.


How much do physicians make?

Physician salaries will vary by experience, industry, education, location, and organization size. Additional factors such as the specific specialization in medicine, reputation, years of experience, certifications, and the overall demand in a geographical area can significantly impact their earnings.

Highest paying states

  • Wyoming: $261,620
  • South Dakota: $250,890
  • New Hampshire: $245,930
  • Alaska: $242,220
  • Minnesota: $237,650

Browse physician salary data by market


Types of physicians

Doctors can specialize in many different areas, depending on what they are passionate about. Here are some of the cool types of physicians you might want to know about:

Primary care physician

These doctors are often the first ones you visit for any health problem. They take care of a wide range of issues, from the common cold to managing long-term conditions like diabetes. They also help keep you healthy with regular check-ups and vaccinations.

Pediatrician

Pediatricians are all about kids! They take care of children from the time they are babies until they are teenagers. They deal with everything from minor injuries to serious illnesses, and they make sure kids grow up healthy and strong.

Surgeon

Surgeons are the doctors who perform operations. Whether it’s fixing a broken bone or conducting a life-saving procedure, surgeons need steady hands and a lot of courage. They work with a team that helps them before, during, and after surgery to make sure everything goes smoothly.

Psychiatrist

These doctors specialize in mental health. Psychiatrists can diagnose and treat mental illnesses like depression or anxiety. They use talk therapy, medication, or other treatments to help patients manage their mental health.

Rheumatologist

Rheumatologists focus on diseases that affect the joints and muscles, like arthritis. They help manage pain and maintain mobility for people with these chronic conditions.

Anesthesiologist

Anesthesiologists are crucial when it comes to surgery—they make sure you sleep through the procedure without feeling any pain. They monitor your vital signs and adjust the anesthesia as needed to keep you safe and comfortable.


Top skills for physicians

Being a doctor is not just about knowing a lot about medicine—it’s also about how you use that knowledge to help people. Here are some of the key skills that make a great physician:

Medical knowledge

Doctors need to understand all about the human body, diseases, and how to treat them. Staying updated with the latest medical research and advancements is crucial. This helps them provide the best care and use the newest treatments available.

Patience and compassion

Doctors often see patients who are scared or in pain. Being patient and showing compassion makes a big difference. It helps patients feel more comfortable and builds trust, making it easier to take care of them.

Excellent communication

Being able to explain complicated medical stuff in simple terms is super important. Doctors need to make sure patients and their families understand what’s going on. They also need to communicate well with other doctors, nurses, and healthcare staff to make sure everyone is on the same page.

Problem-solving abilities

Doctors face tricky medical problems all the time. Being able to think quickly and solve problems is key. They have to make smart decisions about how to treat patients, sometimes even in emergency situations.

Attention to detail

Paying close attention to all the small details is essential for doctors. They need to notice things about their patients that might not be obvious because even tiny details can be clues about what is wrong.


Physician career path options

Being a doctor opens up a world of possibilities for career growth and specialization. Here’s how you can evolve in your medical career:

Residency and internship

Every doctor starts their journey with intense training as a resident or intern. This is where you learn the ropes under experienced doctors, hone your skills, and decide what kind of medicine you want to practice.

General practice

If you love the idea of being a general practitioner, you might eventually run your own clinic or become a partner in an existing practice. General practitioners often become well-known and trusted figures in their communities.

Leadership roles

As you gain experience, you might take on leadership roles like medical director or advisor. These positions allow you to influence healthcare practices and policies, making a broader impact beyond individual patient care.

Specialization

Many doctors specialize in areas they’re passionate about, such as cardiology, pediatrics, or surgery. As a specialist, you could lead a department, teach at a medical school, or conduct research that advances your field.

Academic medicine

If you love teaching and research, academic medicine could be your path. You could become a professor, mentor young doctors, and lead studies that discover new treatments and medical technologies.

Administration

For those interested in the business side of healthcare, roles like medical director or hospital CEO are significant. You’d be responsible for managing hospital operations, shaping patient care policies, and ensuring the facility runs smoothly.

Doctors also find opportunities in pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, health journalism, and medical consulting. These roles can involve anything from developing new medicines to writing about the latest medical advancements for the public.


The world of medicine is always evolving, and being a doctor today means adapting to new tech and changing patient needs. Here are some key trends shaping the role of physicians:

  • Telemedicine on the rise: Thanks to digital tech, doctors can now meet with patients virtually, making check-ups more convenient and accessible. This shift is not just about saving time; it’s about extending care to more people, no matter where they are.
  • Group practices becoming more common: To manage the rising costs of healthcare and a growing number of patients, more doctors are working in group practices rather than alone. This teamwork approach helps share the workload, reduces burnout, and generally improves the care patients receive.
  • Focus on preventive care: There’s also a stronger focus on preventing illnesses before they start. With more people taking charge of their health and new tools for predicting diseases, doctors are emphasizing wellness and prevention alongside treating sickness.

Employment projections

Looking ahead, the demand for doctors is expected to grow. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts a 3% increase in physician employment through 2031. This growth is driven by an aging population that needs more medical care and a general increase in health awareness among the public.


Physician career tips

Identify your unique value

Every physician has unique skills and knowledge. Figure out what makes you stand out—maybe it’s a sub-specialty you excel in, a procedure you perform exceptionally well, or your ability to communicate complex information clearly. Use these strengths to enhance your practice and stand out in your field.

Stay updated with medical advancements

Medicine is constantly evolving with new research and technology. Stay ahead by keeping up-to-date. Regularly read medical journals, attend seminars, and engage in professional development to ensure you’re providing the best care possible.

Master communication

Effective communication is crucial, not just with patients but also within your healthcare team. Being able to clearly articulate patient care plans, manage electronic health records efficiently, and collaborate with other pros is key to successful outcomes.

Build your network

Building a strong professional network can open doors to new opportunities and provide essential support. Engage with peers by attending medical conferences, joining associations, and participating in community events.

  • American Medical Association (AMA)
  • National Medical Association (NMA)
  • Association of American Physicians (AAP)
  • American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP)

Develop non-clinical skills

In today’s healthcare environment, non-clinical skills such as leadership, management, and advocacy are just as important as medical expertise. Consider leadership training or management courses to broaden your capabilities.

Commit to continuous learning

The learning never stops in medicine. To keep improving:

  • Participate in workshops and seminars relevant to your specialty
  • Explore online courses on topics like healthcare management or new medical tech
  • Gain additional certifications in areas that interest you, enhancing both your expertise and your resume
  • Attend scientific conferences to connect with other experts and stay on top of the latest developments in your field

Where the physician jobs are

Top employers

  • Mayo Clinic
  • Cleveland Clinic
  • Massachusetts General Hospital
  • Johns Hopkins Hospital
  • UCLA Medical Center

Top states

  • California
  • Texas
  • Florida
  • New York
  • Pennsylvania

Top job sites

  • zengig
  • Indeed
  • LinkedIn
  • Monster
  • CareerBuilder

FAQs

What type of training is required to become a physician?

Training to become a physician can be a lengthy process, often taking over a decade. First, an individual must complete a bachelor’s degree, typically in a science-related field. Once complete, the individual must pass the MCAT before entering medical school. Medical school, which usually lasts four years, combines classroom learning with clinical rotations. Upon graduation, the individual then enters a residency program lasting three to seven years, depending on the area of specialization. Some doctors also choose to continue on to a fellowship for additional specialized training.

What skills and qualities are important for a physician to have?

Physicians need to possess a variety of skills and qualities to do their jobs effectively. Important skills include superior listening and communication abilities, as understanding and responding to patient concerns is a fundamental part of the role. They must also have excellent problem-solving skills to diagnose and treat various health conditions. Attention to detail is crucial in many aspects of healthcare, from reading complex medical records to performing procedures. Emotional resilience is necessary due to the often high-stress environment. Above all, a strong desire to help others and a commitment to ethical practice procedures are vital traits for these pros.

What is the work environment like for a physician?

The work environment for a physician can vary considerably depending on their area of specialty and where they choose to work. Doctors often work in hospitals, private practices, clinics, or community health organizations. They typically work long hours, and the job can often be physically demanding, requiring stamina to spend significant time on their feet. The role can also be high-stress, especially for those who work in emergency medicine or other high-intensity areas of healthcare. However, despite the challenges, many find the job highly rewarding.

What are some common tasks or duties of a physician?

Physicians perform a wide range of tasks to provide care to patients. Typically, their duties may include examining patients to diagnose their health conditions, ordering and interpreting diagnostic tests such as blood work or imaging studies, recommending and providing treatment which may involve prescribing medication, conducting follow-ups to monitor a patient’s condition and progress, advising patients on preventative health care strategies, and documenting patient’s health information. Depending on their specialty, their specific tasks can vary widely.

Do I need to have a certain personality type to be successful as a physician?

While people of diverse personality types can become successful physicians, certain common traits are beneficial in the role. Empathy, patience, and compassion are important because they often work with patients in pain or distress. An analytical mindset is crucial for effectively diagnosing health conditions and deciding treatment approaches. Being calm under pressure, efficient in time management, and excellent in communication can also significantly aid in a doctor’s daily duties and challenges. However, there’s no one-size-fits-all answer to this – the key is finding the intersection between your passion, skills, and the needs of the field.

What is the most rewarding part of being a physician?

Many physicians find the most rewarding part of their job to be the opportunity to impact people’s lives positively. This can involve diagnosing and treating illnesses, helping manage chronic conditions, or providing advice to improve lifestyle choices. The relationship and trust developed with patients can also be highly rewarding. Additionally, the profession offers continuous learning and development possibilities, which can satisfy those intellectually curious and eager to stay at the forefront of their specialty area.

What is the most challenging part of being a physician?

The most challenging aspects of being a physician include dealing with high-stress situations and coping with patients’ suffering or distress. The responsibility of making crucial decisions that affect others’ lives can also be challenging. They also frequently face long-working hours and must stay updated with the latest medical research and tech. Handling administrative tasks or managing a private practice’s business aspects can also be demanding. These challenges can lead to stress and burnout, making work-life balance an important aspect for doctors to manage.

Is it possible to maintain a balance between work and personal life as a physician?

Finding a balance between work and personal life can be challenging for physicians, particularly those in demanding specialties or who work in emergency medicine. However, it is feasible with proactive planning, setting boundaries, and a commitment to self-care. Some may choose to work part-time or in locum positions to provide greater flexibility. Mentoring and support from more seasoned colleagues can also be beneficial. Ultimately, the balance is personal and varies from one individual to another. It’s key for each doctor to determine their own limits and needs and seek employment that aligns with them.

What do physicians find most challenging about their interaction with patients?

Physicians sometimes face challenges in their interactions with patients. This could include explaining complex medical concepts and treatment options in a way that the patient can understand and make informed decisions. Dealing with uncooperative patients or those not following through on treatment plans can also be frustrating. Additionally, conveying sensitive news, such as a serious diagnosis, can be emotionally difficult. Given the nature of their work, they also experience situations where they must balance respect for the patient’s autonomy with what they believe is in the patient’s best health interest, creating a potential ethical dilemma.